[The Aranãs in mid-Jequitinhonha: socioeconomic, demographic and sanitary aspects of a landless indigenous population]. / Aranãs do médio Jequitinhonha: aspectos socioeconômicos, demográficos e sanitários de uma população indígena desaldeada.

The lack of epidemiological and environmental data on Brazilian indigenous populations is a challenge for the elaboration of public policy. This lack of data is more acute for "landless" indigenous groups. From this perspective, it was considered relevant to describe the Aranã, a landless indigenous group living in Minas Gerais, focusing on the demographic, socioeconomic and sanitary dimensions. A household survey was conducted. The data collected were analyzed and compared with those from other national ethnic groups. The results revealed similarities between these findings and those from the 2010 Census related to the native indigenous population, especially those not living on indigenous lands or reservations. Asymmetric results were identified within the households, mainly sanitary disparities, which suggested a relation with the location. This result indicates the need for priority intervention for the Aranã living in rural areas, bringing to light the age-old discussion about rural and urban disparities. In addition, we suggest that the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), responsible for the 2010 census, should refine its assessment methods concerning landless indigenous groups.

Aranãs do médio Jequitinhonha: aspectos socioeconômicos, demográficos e sanitários de uma população indígena desaldeada / The Aranãs in mid-Jequitinhonha: socioeconomic, demographic and sanitary aspects of a landless indigenous population

Resumo A deficiência de dados para subsidiar a análise das condições epidemiológicas e ambientais em que vivem os povos indígenas no Brasil constitui desafio para a elaboração de políticas públicas específicas. O déficit informacional é ainda maior para os grupos “desaldeados”. Diante desse cenário, julgou-se relevante caracterizar uma população indígena desaldeada, privilegiando as dimensões demográfica, socioeconômica e sanitária. Buscou-se identificar diferenças internas ao grupo e analisar os dados levantados para essa população comparando-os aos de outras etnias. Informações foram obtidas a partir da realização de inquérito domiciliar. Os resultados evidenciaram semelhanças com aqueles revelados pelo Censo 2010 para os indígenas brasileiros, sobretudo para os domiciliados fora das terras indígenas. Foram identificadas assimetrias dentro do grupo, principalmente de ordem sanitária, que sugeriram relação com a localização do domicílio. Aponta-se para a necessidade de intervenções prioritárias voltadas para os Aranã residentes no meio rural, recaindo na antiga discussão sobre as disparidades urbano-rurais, também aplicada às populações não indígenas. Em adição, sugere-se que o IBGE precisa aprimorar a investigação do contingente populacional indígena desaldeado.

Abstract The lack of epidemiological and environmental data on Brazilian indigenous populations is a challenge for the elaboration of public policy. This lack of data is more acute for “landless” indigenous groups. From this perspective, it was considered relevant to describe the Aranã, a landless indigenous group living in Minas Gerais, focusing on the demographic, socioeconomic and sanitary dimensions. A household survey was conducted. The data collected were analyzed and compared with those from other national ethnic groups. The results revealed similarities between these findings and those from the 2010 Census related to the native indigenous population, especially those not living on indigenous lands or reservations. Asymmetric results were identified within the households, mainly sanitary disparities, which suggested a relation with the location. This result indicates the need for priority intervention for the Aranã living in rural areas, bringing to light the age-old discussion about rural and urban disparities. In addition, we suggest that the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), responsible for the 2010 census, should refine its assessment methods concerning landless indigenous groups.